HomeMy WebLinkAbout1933-11-29
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IJr, ClOIIUIUIUlllfa1tlJ of au.It"""U,
EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
15 ASHBURTON PLACE BOSTON
I_T Scau.T
DIrUler
Decel1'lber
First
1933
l.ll' \/illiarm Holland, Cha~rman
Board of Public 'Ii/elfare
Nantuclet, lass~chusetts
Dear Sir
Peferrlng to your letter of October ninth, the
following information has been omitted
Addresses of members wld employees of
Board of Public Welfare
Salaries as members of Board of
Public lVelfare
Length of their serVlce with tne
\lelfare Department
By request from Washi~gton, we desire the above
data as soon as poss~ble
:J yours,
/~,6K
T Scully ---
ncy Relief Director
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State
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DMsrON
OF
RE("'I'"'\-:J3 8: STATISTIC$
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NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON D C
MASSACHUSETTS STATE RECOVERY BOARD
12TH FLOOR 10 ~AL STRaT
~ BOSTON MASSACHU8ETn1
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December 4, 1933
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My dear Sir
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At the guggest~on
of L~ Edward A Filene, chairman
of the '~ss6chusetts State Recoverf
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Board, I erclose 6 copy of the latest
l-T R .A Primer
It 15 the hope of
the state Board t~Bt the distr1-
but~on of the Pr1mer w1l1 lead to a
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better understanding of the a1ms and
purposes of the entire National Re-
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covery Program
Very truly yours,
I~~
~ul H Hines, Public1ty D1rector
M1SS ST TE RECO~Y :aOJIRD, !\IRA
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PHH/M
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_ <; "l" EDITOR S NOTE "'...... ~\..-> - I
Th.. Pruner baa been pubblbed .. the I'eIUIt of nu meroua ..... ....
requesta for butc mConnatlOn about the N R.A It IS ~
the hope of the Ma.achU8etb State Recovery Board that
it will contnbute to a better undentanding of Ita a ms
udp~ ~
In apprallll1g the value oC the N R.A readen. mould
bear m mmd that up to date (December 1 1933) ita
accomplllhmenta have been moet Imprelllve ContJut
present day conditions With June 16 the date oC the
pasaage oC the NatlOnallndustnal Recovery Act Thirteen
m lhon of the 42 000 000 worksa oC the natIOn were out
of work and Without any mmedlat proapec:t of employ
ment m loons of homes were I danger of foreclosure for
lack of lIlterest payrn ts or sale for taxes welfare reheC
a, Cles both pnvat and pubhc were curtaIling the
operat ons beca lie of lack of Cunds and It was ev de t
that unless 80m thing drast c was done that the WI ter oC
1933-34 would bring WIth t mdescr bahl masery d
suffenng for mJlhon
To m et th merge cy P esld t ROOlIeVelt backed by
th lead r oC both tbe DemocratIc and Rep bhcan partIes
(th N R A s stnctly on part san) rushed thro gh th
Nat 0 I I d t al Recovery Act Its Immed te purpose
wa t e cou ge nat onal Indu t 131 ecovery by fosten g
fal competlt on a d to provIde for the const uct on of
useful pubhc 11'0 ks a d f r ch other p rposes as would
put people back to work
Up to dat (December 1 1933) at least 3 SOO 000 persons
have etur ed to work Industry IS u quest onably p ckl g
up as show by payroll Increases automob Ie a d text Ie
outp t exports oC agncultural Impl me ts passenger an
and trucks raJlroad earn ngs nd creased general sales
1ft 11' d Iy en ded 0 ntry dlst Icts
That the Pres de t beh ves that the ultunate cces&
of the Recovery M vement depends largely upon the full
co-operatlon of all terests IS eVIdent from the Ii I state
me t h s first mCllSllge on th Recovery Program wh ch
ftlllds as folloWII Mu t we go on In ma y groping dl8-
organ1%Cd separate mts to d feat 0 shall we move as one
great team to VIctory?
<...,
UNITED WE RECOVER
tlucIt PrIn ID. Co Boetoo
WE DO OUR PART
THE
N. R. A.
PRIMER
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MASSACHUSETTS STATE RECOVERY BOARD
EDWARD A FILJtNE ChaIrman
J EDWARD S FRENCH P A 0 CONNELL
ALLAN FORBFS JOHN J POWER
STANLEY KING E KENT SWIFT
CHARLES J MAHONEY JAMES WALL
MARGARET WIESMAN
I.
P..bl shed by
MASSACHUSETTS STATE RECOVERY BOARD
12th Floor
80 Federal Street Boston
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Q What is the N I R A ?
A The National Industnal Recovery Act passed
to carry out the President 8 Recovery Plan It
became a law June 16 1933
Q What is the N R A ?
A The NatlOnal Recovery Admlmstratlon set
up to admmlster the N I R A It has become
the symbol of the whole Recovery Plan
Q How long will it endure?
A The pnnclples wall endure Uldefimtely though
changes m organIZation and methods may be
e'l:pected as conditions change and particularly as
the emergency passes
Q What is the Plan?
A To place the mIlhons of unemployed back at
work mcrease pubhc buyang power and bnng
back general prospenty
Q How is It planned to do this?
A By shortemng the mdlvldual worker s num
ber of hours of labor for the dlstmct purpose of
makmg more Jobs ehmmatlng unfair compe
tItlOn regulatmg trade practices standardlzmg
wages stablhzlOg employment puttmg more
money mto Circulation lOcreasmg purchaslOg
power restonng confidence and makmg better
times
Q Does the President propose to raise
wages?
A Yes first those of the underpaad The
PreSident s lOterest IS m an adequate hvmg wage
for all Higher wages for others wIll come as
recovery returns
Q How is thiS to be done?
A By estabhshlOg Permanent Codes of Fair
CompetitIOn m Industry for which prOVISion 15
made m the N I R A
Q What are Permanent Codes?
A Agreements among busmess concerns or
trade or mdustnal groupe and the Federal
ENROLLMENT AND INTERPRETATION Gen John H
Sherburne \
COMPLIANCE Lothrop Withington
FIELD CoI Roger W Eckfeldt
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS Wm Henry Smith
OFF! E B J Osborn
SPEAKERS DaVid K Ndes
PERSONNEL Wdham Shumway
PUBLICITY MaJ Paul Hmes
(Eft' rt \\ 11 bade b) th 'ipc kers Bureau
t thiS He1.dq a t to f I w 11 f med
N R A pc ke po cql est)
OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVES
STATE RECOVERY BOARD
EDWARD A FILENE CM',.",,,,,
PERCY S BROWN }
T GRAFTON ABBOTI' 4ssrs/""ls I. 1M eM".",."
JOHN J POWER rlCt Cha,rm""
MARY WARD Woma" s eM,rman
E KENT SWIFT S"rt/"ry
GEN JOHN H SHE1l8UJUl'E Ltglli Cou"stl
STATE RECOVERY BOARD COMMITTEE
CHAIRMEN
EXECUTIVE Edward A Fdene
FINANCE Allan Forbes
ADULT EDUCATION George Coleman
CONCILIATION Judge John J Burns
1 UNIOR N R A Herbert C Parsons
RECOVERY COUNCIL Roy Cushman
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS Edmund E Wnght
TRENDS Margaret Wiesman
CONSUMERS Everett W Lord
PUBLIC WORKS John J Power
SOCIAL AGENCJES Myer Israel
CLEkGY T Gr fton Abbott
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DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
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Noh Th N R A h Id t be co f led WIth tI phases of
th N tl nal I d tn I Proer m Th N R A I priodpaUy CO
ce ed with th I d trial d m ca tll p-c:t f th m m t
B low I It fth I cl tho Ilhwh hth therf tlo
f th N tl nal Rec ry pi ar bel I per ted
Government Retall stores have one code auto
mobde concerns another cotton and woolen
manufacturers another etc Everv 10dustry wdl
have a code
Q What do these codes provide?
A The maximum number of hours employees
m that trade may work the mlmmum wages
employers must pay rules of fair competitIOn
for all 10 the mdustry All codes must recog
mze a pnnclple old 10 usage but new 10 Amer
lean law-the nght of employees to collective
barga10mg
Q What is collective bargaining?
A The practice which permits employees to
choose their own representatives tthrough labor
umons or otherwise) to enter 1Oto agreements
With their employers as to wages and conditions
of work It IS not the mtent of the N I R-A. to
compel either labor or mdustry to orgamze
Q Who draws up Permanent Codes?
A The trades or 10dustne themselves through
a SOClatlons or committees subject to the ap
pro"al of the National Recovery Admlmstrator
The Pre'lldent s signature makes them effective
Q How is the public protected In such
agreements?
A The PreSident as a condition of hIS approval
can and does Impose conditIOns to protect the
10terests of competitors employees and the con
sumers or pubhc
Q What status has a Permanent Code after
it becomes effective?
A It becomes law and all persons conductmg a
busmess subject to the code are hable to penalties
If they VIolate It
Q What penalties?
A A fine not exceedmg $500 or Impnsonment
not exceedmg SIX months or both Each Viola
tIon becomes an additional offence each day It IS
II
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(Federal Emeraency Administration of PublicWorka)
Cha man Harold LIkes Secretary of I te or ad
m mstrato Wa h gto D C
S A B (Science Advisory Board)
Ka I T C mpto pres dent Massachusetts I stltute of
Technology ha m Basto M ss "
T V A (Tennessee Valley Administration)
D Arth E Mo ga cha man Washmgto D C
FER A (Federal EmerQency Reli f Administ ation)
and C W A (Civil Wo k~ Adminl tration)
Harry L Hopkl s adm st ator Walker Johnson
B Id g W h gto D C
C C C (Emergency Conse ation Work Program
(Civilian Conservation Corps)
Robert FecI d ect Wash gto D C.
F R A (Federal Re-emplo)ment Administration)
Robert Kelso New Engla d d ectcr Federal Buddl g
Do t Mass
N L B (National Labo Boa d)
Se ator Robert F Wag er cha rm Washangt n D C
F DIe (Fecle al Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Walter H Cumm g cl ma Wash gto D C
H 0 L C (Home Owners Loan Corporation)
Joh F Fah y cha m C mme e B Id ng
Wash gt D C
R F C (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
Jesse H Jo es cha rma 1825 H St eet Wash gto
DC
F H L B (Federal Home Loan Bank)
John F Fah y h m Comme ce BUIld g
Wa h gton D C
F COT (Federal Co-o dlnato of Transportation)
J seph B Ea tma Comm c B Id g Wash gton D t
F F C A (Federal Farm Credit Administration)
H ry Mo g th J go\er or 1300 F St eet
Wash ngto D C
A A A (Agrlcultu al Adjustment Administration)
Goo ge N Peek dm t ator Washl gto D C
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Add _ f beadq ar f M _ bu ta B Il be1l f
bD\' 1l cl m y be bid t :v local post fll
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continued The offender also ma} be deprIved of
his Blue Eagle and also be hable under the State
false advertlsmg law
Q What is a Blue Eatle? "V ""
A The copyrighted emblem of the N R A to
display m places of business on vehicles banners
8tattonery and elsewhere to show that a concern
IS supportmg the President s Recovery Program
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Q Who are entitled to display Blue Eagles?
A Signers of the President s Re-employment
Agreement (P R A) also called Blanket Code
those under Permanent Codes and signers of
ModIfied President s Re-employmentAgreements
(M P R A) All of the above must sign certlf
lcates of comphance mdlcatmg that they are
carrymg out the provIsions of thetr particular
r codes
Q What is the P R A ?
A The President s Re-employment Agreement
also called the Blanket Code a voluntary code
agreemg with the President that the signers will
do their part to extend employment by hmltmg
hours of work and to pay at least a fixed mlna
mum wage whale awaiting completIOn of their
permanent trade codes
Q How does the Blanket Code differ from
a Permanent Code?
A A Blanket Code IS temporary and deals largely
With mmlmum wages and maximum hours of
work It does not attempt to regulate trade prac
tlCes A Permanent Code IS mandatory
o What is a Modified President a Re
employment Agreement (M P R A) erron
eoualy called Temporary Code? _
A Some mdustnes not yet under a Permanent
Code find It Impracticable to do busmess under
the terms of the Blanket Code Such mdustrIe8
after a heanng may be aIlowed to adopt modlfi
cattons of the Blanket Code Such codes are
known as Modified President s Re-employment
Agreements (M P R A )
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the added cost must be met It can now be met
by mcreased pnces Later on lower pnces With
legitimate profits to producers and dlstnbutors
wtll come through Improved methods of con
quenng some of the enormous wastes that still
eXist In productton and dlstnbutton There IS a
Consumer s Board In Washmgton The Massa
chusetts State Recovery Board has a Consumers
Committee and there are local Consumers Com
mlttees In many Clttes and towns In addltton a
Consumer s CounCil of women has heeD organazed
ThiS moblhzmg of the consumers predonunantly
women the buyers of the nation Will prove a
most effective check on undue IOcreases 10 pnces
Q What prOJr'ess haa been made toward
recovery?
A President Roosevelt expressed hope of havlOg
many hundreds of thousands more people back at
work before snow Bles up to October 1 con
servattve fiKUte8 showed 3 500 000 back at work
Industry IS unquestionably Plcktng ..lp as shown
by payroll mcteases automobIle and textde
output exports of agncultural Implements
passenger cars and trucks radroad earmngs
and mcreased general sales 10 Widely extended
country dlstncts
Q Should you support the N R A i
A Yes'
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Q Why?
A Because It means Just what It says V1Z N a
tlOnal Recovery (A) Re-employment of nulltons
(B) Abohtlon of Chtld Labor (C) Ehnunatton of
sweatshops (0) Increase of minimum wages for
many (E) Eventual ralsmg of wages for many
more (F) Increased BUying power (G) Restored
Prospenty (H) The estabhshmentof secunty and
happmess for the greatest number the pnmary
tdeal of al1 good governments
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Q Is this method effective? ~ '"
A Yes At least 75 percent of bUSiness wants
to play fau The mlnonty cannot offset the
maJonty now that the government allows 10
dustnes to set up rules for trade practlces
Q Why was not this done before? ~
A Because of antiquated prejudice A great
many feared that trade agreements would throttle
Industry estabbsh monopobes conspiracies In
restraint of trade So anti trust laws were
passed These though wholesome In Intent
went too far Instead of prOViding proper regu
latlOn of Industry they prevented It
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Q What advantage has the new idea over
the old?
A Under the old method we had our depressIOn
The old Idea offered no method to end that de
pressIOn Sweatshops and child labor went a
long way under the old laws to get us deeper
1Oto the mire Unbridled competition gave nse
to too many dlstnbutlng agencies Pnce-cuttlng
and wage cutting came along With them Legltl
mate concerns faced the alternative of gOing to
the wall or coming closer to the level of the
sweatshop Many of these latter bUSinesses were
the backbone of our Industnal bfe Kllbng them
meant the mdustnal paralYSIS of the natIOn
We were approaching It fast We have stopped
gOing m that direction
Q What has stopped us?
A The Increase In the purchas10g power of the
public the result of the re-employment of up
warde; of 3 500 000 workers who were Jobless and
the ralsmg of the wages of other milbons who
stlll had work Also the restoration of pubbc
confidence which IS grow1Og day by day was a
great factor 10 stOpp1Og the downward slide I
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Q Will the Recovery Program affect prices?
A Undoubtedly' With employers redUC10g
hours mcreasmg wages and employmg new help
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Q Will every indusO; come under a per
manent code? I'
A Yes-most IDdustnes will There may be
certalD IDdustnes that are complvlDg With the
pnnclples set forth ID the N I R A that take
no steps to wnte a.code for themselves With
respect to which the PreSident may recognize
that no definitely defined code IS needed Of
course these mdustnes wdl have most of the
obligations found under a code and none of the
benefits Further If It IS found that these 10dus
tnes conduct themselves contrary to pubbc
mterest or to N I R A pobcles the PreSident
mav himself wnte a code for them
Q May Individual firms make a choice of
the codes under which they will operate?
A Through their trade groups they have a vOice
m the preparation of their codes Once a Per
manent Code IS accepted for an Industry all
firms 10 that IDdustry come under It
Q If a trade group or industry not exempted
falls to formulate.a code what are the
consequences ?
A If an IDdustry proves Itself mcapable of con
ductmg ItS bUSiness fairly Its members may be
compelled to operate only under a bcense ISSUed
by the PreSident which bcense would regulate
wages hours and trade practices for the penod
of one year A firm that does not comply With
the requirements of ItS license may be depnved
of the pnvdege of contmumg In busmess Also
the PreSident may wnte a code for the mdustry
to which It would be subject
Q Are there penalties for violations under
the license system? ---
A Any person who carnes on a busmess after
suspensIOn or revocation of the bcense or ID
VIOlation of Its conditions IS liable to a fine of
not more than $500 for each offense or Impnson
ment for not more than SIX months or both
Q How are code violators brought to
account?
A Complamts of non compliance With the
N R A program should be made to the enforce
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mE'nt agenCies set up by the code govermng the
particular Industry Local Compliance Boards
will assist Only well founded co-nplalnts should
be made
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Q What is a Compliance Board?
A It IS a semi JudiCial body It Includes one
representative of employees In Industnal labor
one employee In retad or wholesale trade one
Industnal employer one retad or wholesale em
ployer one representative of consumers and one
lawyer and the board chooses a seventh Impartial
person of standing In the commuOlty to serve as
chairman
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Q What are the duties of a Compliance
Board?
A To receive all complaints of VIOlations of the
PreSident s Re employment Agreement or the
Modified PreSident S Agreement and endeavor
to adjust differences by fnendly methode:; Fad
Ing to accomplish thiS It collects hears and
records the eVidence and reports the case through
channels to the N R A at Washington
Q What is the final disposition of such
cases ?
A If the complaint IS sustained by the eVidence
and the offender still refuses to comply With the
regulatIOns recourse may be had to the Federal
Dlstnct Attorney to proceed against him In the
U S Dlstnct Court
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Q Do Compliance Boards handle violations
of Permanent Codes?
A No but they will assist In dlrectlOg the com
plaint to the proper enforcement agency
Q What is the difference between the
Compliance Board and the Interpretation
Department?
A The Comphance Board acts on complalOts
of non comphance The Interpretation Depart
ment when there IS a question of doubt de
termlnes whether certalO acts are or are not 10
comphance With N R A agreements
Q Are rulings of the Interpretation De
partment of any benefit?
A Yes Most complaints are proved to have
been due to misunderstanding not an IOtent to
Violate an N R A agreement When notified of
the error as ruled by the Interpretation Depart
ment the great maJonty of employers willingly
adjust the difficulty
Q What good comes from these trade
agreements?
A Two great natIOnal scandals-the sweatshop
and Child Labor-have been outlawed Con
cerns that practiced these abuses paid starvatIOn
wages and were able to undersell legitimate
bUSiness which was forced (1) to sell at loss
(2) to reduce wages or (3) go out of buslOess
Under codes honest fair concerns are freed
from thiS cut throat nvalry and can compete on
'1 baSIS of real values of goods Instead of a low
pnce baSIS that takes no account of quality of
goods or conditions under which they are made
and sold
Q Will not N R A requirements ruin some
employers?
A Yes It IS IOtended to wreck permanently
all buslOesses that subSist and eXist by sweatmg
their employees-women girls chIldren Presl
dent Roosevelt has declared that Amenca has
no room for any mdustry that lives on the blood
of labor
Q Who guards an industry against viola
tions of its code?
A The Industry Itself through ItS orgamzatlon
for self government which the N I R A prOVides
It has the powerful co-operatlon of the U S
Government
r j
Q Do Compliance Boards handle labor
disputes?
A No These are under the Junsdlctlon of the
National Labor Board or Regional Labor Boards
set up under It<; authonty
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